Iceland Facts Guide: Everything to Know Before Visiting

Planning a trip to Iceland? Or just curious about this remote island nation shaped by volcanoes, glaciers, folklore, and some of the most dramatic landscapes on Earth? This is your complete guide. At Hertz Iceland, we’ve pulled together a thorough, high-value resource that answers not just the common questions about visiting Iceland, but also the strange, specific, and sometimes surprising ones.

Whether you’re plotting a self-drive Ring Road tour or simply wondering how Iceland got its name, we’ve got you covered. You’ll also find helpful links to more in-depth blogs and destination guides throughout the post, turning this into your catalog of Iceland travel insights.

• Related link: Book a rental car in Iceland

Table of Contents

• Where is Iceland?
• How big is Iceland?
• What time is it in Iceland?
• How do you get to Iceland?
• What is the weather like in Iceland?
• What is the best time to visit Iceland?
• What should you wear in Iceland?
• How to plan a self-drive trip in Iceland
• What can you see in Iceland?
• Iceland’s fun facts and local secrets

Where is Iceland Located? 

Iceland is a remote island nation in the North Atlantic Ocean, situated just south of the Arctic Circle. Geographically, it lies between mainland Europe and North America, with coordinates between 63° and 68° North latitude and 25° and 13° West longitude. Despite its location straddling two continental plates (the Eurasian and North American) Iceland is politically and culturally considered a European country.

The capital city, Reykjavík, is the northernmost capital in the world. Iceland is roughly halfway between New York City and Moscow. It is isolated yet easily accessible from both Europe and North America, making an Iceland stopover a strategic option for transatlantic flights and a truly unique travel destination.

The Location of Iceland on a Map 

How Big is Iceland?

Iceland covers approximately 103,000 square kilometers (39,768 square miles), making it slightly larger than Hungary and about the same size as the U.S. state of Colorado. Yet, with its vast lava fields, towering mountains, volcanic plateaus, and massive glaciers, Iceland feels much more expansive.

The population of Iceland is only around 397,799 as of 2025, and over two-thirds live in or around Reykjavík. This low population density, around 3.5 people per square kilometer, means wide open spaces and untouched nature are the norm, not the exception.

• Further reading: Is Iceland part of Europe? Is it in the EU?

What Time is it in Iceland? What Time Zone is Iceland in?

Iceland follows Greenwich Mean Time (GMT+0) year-round and does not observe daylight saving time. This means the local time remains constant throughout the year, unlike many other countries that adjust clocks forward or backward seasonally.

If you’re trying to calculate the time difference between Iceland and other major cities, here are some examples:

• Iceland is 4 hours ahead of Boston and Washington,
• 7 hours ahead of Los Angeles
• 1 hour behind London
• 2 hours behind Berlin, Paris, and most of Central Europe
• 5.5 hours behind India (IST)
• 8 hours behind Beijing, Hong Kong, and Singapore
• 9 hours behind Tokyo
• 10 hours behind Sydney

Because the country is so far north, the amount of daylight varies dramatically throughout the year. It has nearly 24 hours of daylight in summer and only a few hours of sun in the middle of winter.

How Do You Get to Iceland?

The most common way to reach Iceland is by air. Keflavík International Airport (KEF), located about 48 kilometers (30 miles) southwest of Reykjavík, is the country’s main international gateway. It handles flights from Europe, North America, and, seasonally, other regions.

Icelandair and PLAY are the two Icelandic airlines. Icelandair offers full-service transatlantic flights, while PLAY is a low-cost carrier ideal for budget-conscious travelers. In addition to these, several international airlines like Delta, British Airways, Lufthansa, and Wizz Air offer direct flights to KEF. There are currently no direct flights from Asia or Australia to Iceland. Travelers from those regions typically connect through major European or North American hubs.

For those interested in slower travel, Iceland is also a popular stop on North Atlantic cruise routes. Some visitors arrive via the Smyril Line ferry from Denmark (via the Faroe Islands), which docks at Seyðisfjörður in East Iceland.

What is the Currency in Iceland? 

The currency in Iceland is the Icelandic króna, abbreviated as ISK. Coins come in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 krónur, while banknotes include 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, and 10,000 ISK. Due to currency fluctuations, it’s a good idea to check the current exchange rate before your trip.

Iceland is a largely cashless society. You can pay by credit or debit card almost everywhere, from gas stations and grocery stores to remote guesthouses and food trucks. Even small-town bathrooms and parking meters often accept cards.

If you’re shopping in Iceland and spending more than 4,000 ISK on goods, you may be eligible for a tax refund at the airport.

• Related reading: Iceland Currency Guide

What Is the Weather Like in Iceland?

Iceland’s weather is famously unpredictable. You might experience sun, wind, rain, and snow all in the same day. Thanks to the Gulf Stream, the climate stays relatively mild for its northern location. Winters are cold but not extreme, and summers are cool with frequent shifts in weather.

In Reykjavík, January temperatures average around 0°C (32°F), with a mix of snow, sleet, and rain. July is the warmest month, with typical highs between 12 and 15°C (54 to 59°F), although it can occasionally reach the low 20s°C (70s°F). The south coast is usually warmer and wetter, while the north is colder and drier. The Highlands often have the most severe weather and are only accessible in summer.

For a detailed look at seasonal weather, daylight hours, and what to pack, visit our full Iceland weather guide.

You can also find a complete guides for each month below:

• Iceland in January
• Iceland in February
• Iceland in March
• Iceland in April
• Iceland in May
• Iceland in June
• Iceland in July
• Iceland in August
• Iceland in September
• Iceland in October
• Iceland in November
• Iceland in December

What is the Best Time to Visit Iceland

There is no single “best” time to visit Iceland — it depends on what you want to see and do.

• Summer (June to August) is the most popular time to visit. With long daylight hours, accessible roads (including the Highlands and F-roads), and milder temperatures, summer is ideal for road trips, hiking, puffin watching, and outdoor festivals.
  
• Winter (November to March) is the best time to see the northern lights, visit ice caves, and experience Iceland under a blanket of snow. Just be prepared for short days, icy roads, and sudden weather changes.
  
• Shoulder seasons (April–May and September–October) offer a balance of decent weather and fewer crowds. Prices tend to be lower, and spring brings blooming wildflowers and the return of seabirds, while autumn offers colorful landscapes and a higher chance of aurora sightings.

Explore our Best Time to Visit Iceland guide for a detailed breakdown by season.

What Should You Wear in Iceland?

What you wear in Iceland depends less on the season and more on how well-prepared you want to be. Locals and seasoned travelers know the golden rule: layering is key.

Year-round essentials include:

• A waterproof and wind-resistant outer shell
• Thermal or wool base layers
• A warm insulating layer (like a fleece or down jacket)
• Waterproof hiking boots with good grip
• A warm hat, gloves, and scarf (even in summer, especially for nighttime or higher elevations)

Check out our full Iceland packing guide for more information.

Does Iceland Have Mountains or Forests?

Yes, Iceland is a mountainous country shaped by centuries of volcanic activity, glaciers, and shifting tectonic plates. Peaks are found across the island, including Eyjafjallajökull (known for its 2010 eruption), the Snæfellsnes Peninsula, and the dramatic Westfjords.

Forests are far less common. When the Vikings arrived in the 9th century, about 40% of the island was forested. Most of that was cleared within a few hundred years for firewood and farmland, leaving Iceland known for its open, treeless landscapes.

In recent decades, however, reforestation efforts have taken root. You’ll find growing birch woodlands in areas like Þórsmörk and Hallormsstaðaskógur, which is now the largest forest in Iceland.

Do Icelanders Celebrate National Beer Day?

Yes, but with a uniquely Icelandic twist. National Beer Day is celebrated on March 1st and commemorates the lifting of a 74-year ban on beer, which was outlawed in 1915 and only legalized again in 1989. The celebration is not wild or excessive, but rather part of Icelandic culture. Locals may toast the occasion with a cold one in Reykjavik’s vibrant craft beer bars or at home with friends. The event is a nod to Iceland’s evolving social policies and its creative, emerging craft beer scene.

While Iceland’s alcohol laws are still quite strict, including high taxes and limited hours of sale, the drinking culture itself is fairly relaxed. Importantly, Iceland has a zero-tolerance policy for drinking and driving. If you rent a car with Hertz Iceland and plan to celebrate with a drink, you must arrange alternative transportation, such as a taxi, or ensure you have accommodations within walking distance. We do not support or condone driving under the influence under any circumstances.

Do People in Iceland Speak English?

Yes, English is widely spoken and well understood across Iceland. It is taught from an early age in schools, and most Icelanders, especially those working in tourism, retail, and hospitality, are fluent or at least conversational in English.

The official language of Iceland is Icelandic, a North Germanic language that has remained relatively unchanged since medieval times. While you’ll hear it spoken everywhere, you’ll rarely need it as a visitor. That said, locals appreciate it when tourists make an effort to say a few Icelandic words or phrases, such as:

• “Takk” – Thank you
• “Góðan dag” – Good day
• “Bless” – Bye

Danish is also taught in schools as a second language, and some Icelanders speak German, French, or other European languages as well.

What Is the Food Like in Iceland?

Icelandic cuisine is grounded in its geography, shaped by the sea, volcanic soil, and long winters. Traditional staples include fresh fish, lamb, dairy, and root vegetables. Thanks to the island’s clean environment and strict food standards, ingredients are typically high in quality and free from hormones or antibiotics.

Popular Iceland dishes include:

• Plokkfiskur: a comforting fish and potato stew
• Lamb soup (kjötsúpa): made with root vegetables and herbs
• Skyr: a thick, protein-rich dairy product similar to Greek yogurt
• Rúgbrauð: dense, dark rye bread, often baked using geothermal heat

For the more adventurous eater, you might encounter fermented shark (hákarl), ram testicles, or pickled sheep’s head, which are historic preservation foods that reflect the island’s Viking roots.

For drinks, Iceland’s tap water is some of the cleanest in the world, straight from natural springs. And although alcohol is only sold in state-run shops (Vinbudin) and bars, the local craft beer scene is growing quickly, with crisp lagers and Viking-themed IPAs.

Planning a Self-Drive Tour in Iceland

A self-drive trip is one of the best ways to experience Iceland. With landscapes shaped by volcanoes, glaciers, and waterfalls, and weather that can shift in an instant, driving yourself offers the flexibility to adapt your plans, linger at scenic spots, and reach places tour buses can’t.

What Are Iceland’s Road Conditions Like?

There are different types of roads found in Iceland which require different approaches to driving and different types of cars. In fact, these roads may only be accessible during certain times of the year. The three major types are:

1. Paved roads, such as the Route 1 Ring Road, can be found in major urban areas and in more maintained areas of Iceland.
2. Gravel roads, which are mostly unmaintained, are more tedious for cars and rivers, and are on the outskirts of towns and cities. 
3. F-Roads, which are roads leading to highlands, marked with “F” on the road name such as “F-208”, and are restricted during some weather conditions for the safety of drivers. 

It is important to always keep on top off road conditions in Iceland as they could change easily. You can keep ahead of the curve by checking The Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration website.

What Type of Car Should You Rent in Iceland?

Choosing the right rental car is key to a smooth trip. For summer travel on paved roads, a compact or economy car is usually sufficient. However, if you are traveling in winter, venturing off the main roads, or visiting the Highlands, a 4×4 SUV is highly recommended for safety, comfort, and legal access to F-roads.

For travelers seeking extra flexibility and adventure, campervans and motorhomes are also available and allow you to combine transportation and accommodation in one. Keep in mind not all 4×4 vehicles are Highland-approved.

For more information on what vehicles would be perfect for your trip, you can see some of our other Iceland car rental blog posts. 

How To Plan Your Self-Drive Itinerary in Iceland

Iceland’s diverse regions and changing seasons mean your itinerary should be carefully tailored to the time of year and your interests:

• 3 to 5 days: Focus on Reykjavík, the Golden Circle, and the scenic South Coast.
• 7 to 10 days: Drive the full Ring Road, including the East Fjords and North Iceland highlights like Lake Mývatn and Akureyri.
• Two weeks or more: Expand your journey to include the remote Westfjords, the dramatic Snæfellsnes Peninsula, or the rugged Highlands (in summer only).

In winter, it’s best to stay south where road conditions are more manageable and daylight hours are limited. In summer, long days allow you to venture further and explore more remote regions.

Here, we also have detailed travel tips for different Iceland attractions:

• West Iceland/Snaefellsnes Peninsula
  • Bjarnarfoss Waterfall
• Iceland South Coast
  • Reykjavik
  • DC-3 Iceland Airplane Crash Site
  • Reynisfjara Black Sand Beach
  • Vatnajökull National Park
  • Jokulsarlon Iceland
  • Diamond Beach Iceland
  • Secret Lagoon
  • Hvannadalshnúkur
  • Reykjadalur Hot Springs River
• North Iceland
  • Diamond Circle
  • Husavik
  • Blonduos
• The Golden Circle
  • Gullfoss Waterfall 
• The Route 1 Ring Road
• Icelandic Highlands
  • Thorsmork Area
  • Landmannalaugar Iceland
  • Laugavegur Trail
• Reykjanes Peninsula
• Hengifoss Waterfall

What Can You See in Iceland? 

Iceland is packed with breathtaking natural wonders and fascinating wildlife, making it one of the world’s most unique travel destinations. Click the links below to explore more about the amazing things you can see in Iceland.

Nature

• Glaciers: Covering about 11% of the country, Iceland’s glaciers are a must-see. Many travelers also explore the incredible glacier ice caves during winter tours.
• Waterfalls: From Gullfoss to Seljalandsfoss, Iceland’s waterfalls are as varied as they are beautiful.
• Volcanoes: Iceland’s volcanic landscapes are shaped by continuous geothermal activity. You can even visit famous sites like Eyjafjallajökull.
• Hot Springs and Geothermal Areas: Relax in natural hot springs like the Secret Lagoon or explore geyser fields like Geysir.
• Northern Lights: Iceland is one of the best places on earth to see the aurora borealis from late September to April.
• Midnight Sun: Experience near 24-hour daylight during the summer months, ideal for late-night adventures.

Animals

• Puffins: These charming seabirds nest along Iceland’s cliffs in the summer.
• Icelandic Horses: Famous for their sturdy build and unique fifth gait, the tölt.
• Whales: Iceland’s coastal waters are perfect for whale watching tours year-round.
• Sheep: Iconic Icelandic sheep roam freely, contributing to the country’s farming and textile traditions.
• Arctic Foxes: Iceland’s only native land mammal, spotted mostly in remote areas like the Westfjords.
• Reindeer: Found mainly in East Iceland, these herds are a rare sight.
• Seals: Seals are commonly seen lounging along Iceland’s coastlines and glacial lagoons.

How Long Should You Stay in Iceland? 

The length of your stay in Iceland is solely dependent on the activities you want to partake in on your trip. A full tour of the Ring Road would require at least 7 days to enjoy during summer, 8-10 days during winter, while an abridged version of the tour with only the ‘main attractions’ would require 4-5 days at most. 

An in-depth tour of the country featuring all of Iceland’s greatest wonders will require planning for 15 days or more of vacation. But you could drive the Golden Circle is as little as half a day. 

You can find out which tours will suit you the most and how to plan your itinerary here. 

Or read more about:

• 10-Day Itinerary
• 7-Day Winter Itinerary
• 6 Best Seasonal Iceland Road Trip Itineraries
• 5-Day Classic Itinerary
• 1 Week Summer Itinerary
• 3-Day Itinerary

Quick Questions About Iceland: Fun Facts & Local Legends

• • Is Iceland covered in ice?
    Despite its name, Iceland is not blanketed in ice. Only about 11% of the island is covered by glaciers. The rest includes lava fields, mossy plains, hot springs, rivers, and dramatic coastlines. In summer, many regions are green, lush, and snow-free — especially the lowlands and southern coast.

• • Why are there no McDonald’s in Iceland?
    McDonald’s opened in Iceland in the 1990s but shut down in 2009 due to high import costs and the economic crisis. Since then, Iceland has embraced local fast-food chains and artisan burger spots. You’ll find plenty of great burgers, just not the golden arches.

• • Can you see polar bears in Iceland?
    Polar bears are not native to Iceland. Occasionally, one drifts over from Greenland on an ice floe, but this is rare. There have been less than 700 sightings of polar bears in Iceland since its colonization in the 9th century. Unfortunantely, there are no ecosystems in Iceland to support polar bears long-term.

• • Is there night in Iceland in summer?
    Not really. During midsummer, Iceland experiences nearly 24 hours of daylight. Even when the sun sets, the sky remains light, which is perfect for late-night sightseeing, photography, or soaking in a geothermal pool. In winter, however, night dominates, with only a few hours of daylight in December and January.

• • Do people believe in elves in Iceland?
    Many Icelanders have a fondness for folklore and “huldufólk”, which are hidden people said to live in rocks and hills. While not everyone takes these stories literally, they remain part of cultural heritage. In some cases, construction projects have even been rerouted to avoid disturbing supposed elf dwellings.

• • Why are Icelandic horses so small?
    Icelandic horses are a unique breed descended from horses brought by Norse settlers over 1,000 years ago. They’re small, sturdy, and known for their unique fifth gait, the “tölt.” Due to strict import laws, no other horse breeds are allowed in the country, and Icelandic horses that leave can never return.

• • Can you name your child anything in Iceland?
    No. Iceland has a Naming Committee that approves names based on linguistic rules and compatibility with the Icelandic language. Names must fit Icelandic grammar and use the 32-letter alphabet. Foreign or creative names can be submitted for review, but not all are accepted.

• • Are Icelanders all related?
    No. But because of Iceland’s small population and well-preserved genealogical records, many Icelanders can trace their ancestry back centuries, even to the original settlers. There’s even an app called ÍslendingaApp that helps people avoid accidentally dating their cousins.

• • Is it true there are no mosquitoes in Iceland?
    Yes. Iceland is one of the only habitable places in the world with no native mosquito population. The country’s climate and geology create conditions that make it nearly impossible for mosquitoes to breed. That said, you may still encounter midges or black flies near lakes in the summer.

• • Do you need cash in Iceland?
    Almost everyone and every shop in Iceland uses credit cards. Credit cards are the most important and convenient means of payment for visitors to Iceland. You don’t even have to withdraw any cash during your stay in Iceland, all stores and shops even in the remote area will accept credit card payment. (Unless you are going to the flea market).

• • What is the electricity like in Iceland? Will my plugs work?
    Iceland uses European-style electrical outlets with standard two-round-pin plugs, operating at 220–240 volts (50Hz). This is the same as most of mainland Europe but different from North America, the UK, and many parts of Asia. If you’re coming from the United States, Canada, the UK, or Japan, you’ll need both a plug adapter and possibly a voltage converter for non-dual-voltage appliances like hairdryers or curling irons. However, most laptops, phones, and camera chargers today are dual-voltage and only require the right plug adapter.

• • Will my mobile phone work in Iceland?
    In most cases, yes. Iceland has excellent mobile coverage and fast data speeds, including 4G/LTE networks throughout populated areas and many rural regions. Major Icelandic providers include Síminn, Vodafone, and Nova. If your phone plan includes international roaming, you may be able to use it in Iceland, but check your rates to avoid unexpected charges. Alternatively, you can buy a prepaid Icelandic SIM card at the airport, convenience stores, or electronic shops. For those with eSIM-compatible devices, several travel eSIM options are available online and can be activated before you land. Free Wi-Fi is also widely available at cafés, hotels, museums, buses, and even gas stations, making it easy to stay connected. The country code for Iceland is +354, and Iceland does not use area codes.

Everything About Iceland 

As a service to you, Hertz Iceland is constantly adding more holiday and travel tips to its website. We’re also sharing updated pictures of Iceland and its amazing holiday spots on our social media pages. So don’t forget to visit the website regularly and follow our social feeds to get exciting content and the best offers for your Iceland vacation.

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